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Bibliography

The following list details the references and sites used in the z-score calculations.

  • Vigneswaran et al. 2018

    Reference Ranges for the Size of the Fetal Cardiac Outflow Tracts From 13 to 36 Weeks Gestation : A Single-Center Study of Over 7000 Cases.
    Vigneswaran TV, Akolekar R, Syngelaki A, Charakida M, Allan LD, Nicolaides KH, Zidere V, Simpson JM.
    Circ Cardiovasc Imaging.; 2018
    • Aortic Valve Annulus, Diastolic Diameter
    • Pulmonary Valve Annulus, Diastolic Diameter
    • Ductus, 3 Vessel View
    • Distal Transverse Aortic Arch

  • Krishnan et al. 2016

    Predictive Models for Normal Fetal Cardiac Structures.
    Krishnan A, Pike JI, McCarter R, Fulgium AL, Wilson E, Donofrio MT, Sable CA
    J Am Soc Echocardiogr.; 2016
    • Aortic Valve Annulus
    • Pulmonary Valve Annulus
    • Ascending Aorta
    • Mitral Valve Diameter, Lateral
    • Tricuspid Valve Diameter, Lateral
    • LV Major
    • RV Major
    • Distal Aorta
    • Main Pulmonary Artery
    • Right Pulmonary Artery
    • Left Pulmonary Artery
    • Ductus, sagittal
    • Aortic Isthmus, Sagittal

  • Gabbay-Benziv et al. 2015

    Nomograms for Fetal Cardiac Ventricular Width and Right-to-Left Ventricular Ratio.
    Gabbay-Benziv R, Turan OM, Harman C, Turan S.
    J Ultrasound Med.; 2015
    • LV Minor
    • RV Minor

  • Comas et al. 2011

    Gestational age- and estimated fetal weight-adjusted reference ranges for myocardial tissue Doppler indices at 24-41 weeks' gestation.
    Comas M, Crispi F, Gomez O, Puerto B, Figueras F, Gratacos E
    Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.; 2011
    • LV TDI E-wave
    • LV TDI A-wave
    • LV TDI S-wave
    • RV TDI E-wave
    • RV TDI A-wave
    • RV TDI S-wave
    • IVS TDI E-wave
    • IVS TDI A-wave
    • IVS TDI S-wave

  • Lee et al. 2010

    Fetal echocardiography: z-score reference ranges for a large patient population.
    Lee W, Riggs T, Amula V, Tsimis M, Cutler N, Bronsteen R, Comstock CH
    Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.; 2010
    • LV Minor
    • RV Minor
    • Aortic Valve Annulus
    • Pulmonary Valve Annulus

  • McElhinney et al. 2009

    Predictors of technical success and postnatal biventricular outcome after in utero aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
    McElhinney DB, Marshall AC, Wilkins-Haug LE, Brown DW, Benson CB, Silva V, Marx GR, Mizrahi-Arnaud A, Lock JE, Tworetzky W
    Circulation; 2009
    • Aortic Valve Annulus
    • Ascending Aorta
    • LV Major
    • LV Minor
    • Mitral Valve Diameter, Lateral
    • RV Major

  • Pasquini et al. 2007

    Z-scores of the fetal aortic isthmus and duct: an aid to assessing arch hypoplasia.
    Pasquini L, Mellander M, Seale A, Matsui H, Roughton M, Ho SY, Gardiner HM.
    Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.; 2007
    • Ductus, 3 Vessel View
    • Aortic Isthmus, 3 Vessel View
    • Aortic Isthmus, Sagittal

  • Schneider et al. 2005

    Development of Z-scores for fetal cardiac dimensions from echocardiography.
    Schneider C, McCrindle BW, Carvalho JS, Hornberger LK, McCarthy KP, Daubeney PE
    Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.; 2005
    • Aortic Valve Annulus
    • Pulmonary Valve Annulus
    • Ascending Aorta
    • Main Pulmonary Artery
    • Mitral Valve Diameter, Lateral
    • Tricuspid Valve Diameter, Lateral
    • LV Minor
    • RV Minor
    • LV Major
    • RV Major
    • Distal Aorta
    • Right Pulmonary Artery
    • Left Pulmonary Artery
    • Ductus, sagittal